See row in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "roo"
},
{
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "rufe"
},
{
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "ruve"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "ro"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
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},
{
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "rufe"
},
{
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "ruve"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "roo"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "roo"
},
{
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "rufe"
},
{
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "ruve"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "rou"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "roo"
},
{
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
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},
{
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "ruve"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "rowe"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "roo"
},
{
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "rufe"
},
{
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "ruve"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "ruf"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "roo"
},
{
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "rufe"
},
{
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "ruve"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "rufe"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "roo"
},
{
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "rufe"
},
{
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "ruve"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
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"Early Scots"
],
"word": "ruff"
}
],
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"3": "*h₁reh₁-",
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},
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"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*rōu",
"t": "calm, rest"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *rōu (“calm, rest”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *rōu (“calm, rest”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rōw",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-decl-noun-o-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "rōw",
"links": [
[
"rōw",
"row#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rōwa",
"links": [
[
"rōwa",
"rowa#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rōwe",
"links": [
[
"rōwe",
"rowe#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rōwe",
"links": [
[
"rōwe",
"rowe#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rōwa",
"links": [
[
"rōwa",
"rowa#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rōwe",
"links": [
[
"rōwe",
"rowe#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rōwe",
"links": [
[
"rōwe",
"rowe#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rōwa",
"links": [
[
"rōwa",
"rowa#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rōwe",
"links": [
[
"rōwe",
"rowe#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rōwum",
"links": [
[
"rōwum",
"rowum#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rō",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"head": "rōw"
},
"expansion": "rōw f",
"name": "ang-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rōw"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun-o-f"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "rōw",
"2": "rōwa,rōwe",
"3": "rōwe",
"4": "rōwa,rōwe",
"5": "rōwe",
"6": "rōwa",
"7": "rōwe",
"8": "rōwum",
"num": "",
"title": "",
"type": "strong ō-stem"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 8 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"quiet, rest, calm"
],
"id": "en-row-ang-noun-3gylaZom",
"links": [
[
"quiet",
"quiet"
],
[
"rest",
"rest"
],
[
"calm",
"calm"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/roːw/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-oːw"
}
],
"word": "row"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"wym:Birds",
"wym:Corvids"
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "roo"
},
{
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "rufe"
},
{
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "ruve"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "ro"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "roo"
},
{
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "rufe"
},
{
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "ruve"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "roo"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "roo"
},
{
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "rufe"
},
{
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "ruve"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "rou"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "roo"
},
{
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "rufe"
},
{
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "ruve"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "rowe"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "roo"
},
{
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "rufe"
},
{
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "ruve"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "ruf"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "roo"
},
{
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "rufe"
},
{
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "ruve"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "rufe"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "roo"
},
{
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "rufe"
},
{
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "ruve"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"Early Scots"
],
"word": "ruff"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁reh₁-",
"id": "rest"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*rōu",
"t": "calm, rest"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *rōu (“calm, rest”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *rōu (“calm, rest”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rōw",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-decl-noun-o-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "rōw",
"links": [
[
"rōw",
"row#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rōwa",
"links": [
[
"rōwa",
"rowa#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rōwe",
"links": [
[
"rōwe",
"rowe#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rōwe",
"links": [
[
"rōwe",
"rowe#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rōwa",
"links": [
[
"rōwa",
"rowa#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rōwe",
"links": [
[
"rōwe",
"rowe#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rōwe",
"links": [
[
"rōwe",
"rowe#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rōwa",
"links": [
[
"rōwa",
"rowa#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rōwe",
"links": [
[
"rōwe",
"rowe#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rōwum",
"links": [
[
"rōwum",
"rowum#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rō",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"head": "rōw"
},
"expansion": "rōw f",
"name": "ang-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rōw"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun-o-f"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "rōw",
"2": "rōwa,rōwe",
"3": "rōwe",
"4": "rōwa,rōwe",
"5": "rōwe",
"6": "rōwa",
"7": "rōwe",
"8": "rōwum",
"num": "",
"title": "",
"type": "strong ō-stem"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English feminine nouns",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English nouns",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁reh₁- (rest)",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old English ō-stem nouns",
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Old English/oːw",
"Rhymes:Old English/oːw/1 syllable"
],
"glosses": [
"quiet, rest, calm"
],
"links": [
[
"quiet",
"quiet"
],
[
"rest",
"rest"
],
[
"calm",
"calm"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/roːw/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-oːw"
}
],
"word": "row"
}
Download raw JSONL data for row meaning in Old English (5.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (d6fca27 and 65e1673). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.